Musty, R. E., & Rossi, R. (2001). Effects of Smoked Cannabis and Oral δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Nausea and Emesis After Cancer Chemotherapy. Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, 1(1), 29–56. https://doi.org/10.1300/j175v01n01_03
Mattes, R. D., Engelman, K., Shaw, L. M., & Elsohly, M. A. (1994). Cannabinoids and appetite stimulation. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 49(1), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(94)90475-8
Foltin, R. W., Fischman, M. W., & Byrne, M. F. (1988). Effects of smoked marijuana on food intake and body weight of humans living in a residential laboratory. Appetite, 11(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0195-6663(88)80017-5
Corey-Bloom, J., Wolfson, T., Gamst, A., Jin, S., Marcotte, T. D., Bentley, H., & Gouaux, B. (2012). Smoked cannabis for spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 184(10), 1143–1150. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.110837
Kim, K., Moore, D. H., Makriyannis, A., & Abood, M. E. (2006). AM1241, a cannabinoid CB2 receptor selective compound, delays disease progression in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. European journal of pharmacology, 542(1-3), 100–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.05.025
Institute of Medicine (US); Joy JE, Watson SJ Jr., Benson JA Jr., editors. Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1999. 4, The Medical Value of Marijuana and Related Substances. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230711/
Rosenberg, E. C., Tsien, R. W., Whalley, B. J., & Devinsky, O. (2015). Cannabinoids and Epilepsy. Neurotherapeutics, 12(4), 747–768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-015-0375-5
Ware, M. A., Wang, T., Shapiro, S., Robinson, A., Ducruet, T., Huynh, T., Gamsa, A., Bennett, G. J., & Collet, J. P. (2010). Smoked cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 182(14), E694–E701. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.091414
Wang, Z. Y., Wang, P., & Bjorling, D. E. (2014). Treatment with a Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonist Decreases Severity of Established Cystitis. Journal of Urology, 191(4), 1153–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.10.102
Greco, R., Gasperi, V., Maccarrone, M., & Tassorelli, C. (2010). The endocannabinoid system and migraine. Experimental Neurology, 224(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.03.029
Richardson, D., Pearson, R. G., Kurian, N., Latif, M. L., Garle, M. J., Barrett, D. A., Kendall, D. A., Scammell, B. E., Reeve, A. J., & Chapman, V. (2008). Characterisation of the cannabinoid receptor system in synovial tissue and fluid in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis research & therapy, 10(2), R43. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar2401
Kong, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, C., Wu, Y., Liu, Y., & Zhou, X. (2016). Cannabinoid WIN‑55,212‑2 mesylate inhibits ADAMTS‑4 activity in human osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes by inhibiting expression of syndecan‑1. Molecular medicine reports, 13(6), 4569–4576. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5137
D. R. Blake, P. Robson, M. Ho, R. W. Jubb, C. S. McCabe, Preliminary assessment of the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a cannabis-based medicine (Sativex) in the treatment of pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis, Rheumatology, Volume 45, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 50–52, https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kei183
Fiz, J., Durán, M., Capellà, D., Carbonell, J., & Farré, M. (2011). Cannabis Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Effect on Symptoms Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life. PLoS ONE, 6(4), e18440. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018440
Bab, I., Zimmer, A., & Melamed, E. (2009). Cannabinoids and the skeleton: From marijuana to reversal of bone loss. Annals of Medicine, 41(8), 560–567. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890903121025
Silveira, J. W., Issy, A. C., Castania, V. A., Salmon, C. E., Nogueira-Barbosa, M. H., Guimarães, F. S., Defino, H. L., & Del Bel, E. (2014). Protective effects of cannabidiol on lesion-induced intervertebral disc degeneration. PloS one, 9(12), e113161. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113161
Consroe, P., Sandyk, R., & Snider, S. R. (1986). Open label evaluation of cannabidiol in dystonic movement disorders. International Journal of Neuroscience, 30(4), 277–282. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207458608985678
Blázquez, C., Chiarlone, A., Sagredo, O., Aguado, T., Pazos, M. R., Resel, E., . . . Guzmán, M. (2010). Loss of striatal type 1 cannabinoid receptors is a key pathogenic factor in Huntington’s disease. Brain, 134(1), 119–136. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq278
Sieradzan, K., Fox, S., Hill, M., Dick, J., Crossman, A., & Brotchie, J. (2001). Cannabinoids reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease: A pilot study. Neurology, 57(11), 2108–2111. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.57.11.2108
Kirsten R. Müller-Vahl, "Treatment of Tourette Syndrome with Cannabinoids", Behavioural Neurology, vol. 27, Article ID 294264, 6 pages, 2013. https://doi.org/10.3233/BEN-120276
Tomida, I. (2004). Cannabinoids and glaucoma. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 88(5), 708–713. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2003.032250
Williams, S. J., Hartley, J. P., & Graham, J. D. (1976). Bronchodilator effect of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol administered by aerosol of asthmatic patients. Thorax, 31(6), 720–723. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.31.6.720
Crawford, W. J., & Merritt, J. C. (1979). Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol on arterial and intraocular hypertension. International journal of clinical pharmacology and biopharmacy, 17(5), 191–196. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/468444/
Bergamaschi, M. M., Queiroz, R. H. C., Chagas, M. H. N., de Oliveira, D. C. G., de Martinis, B. S., Kapczinski, F., . . . Crippa, J. A. S. (2011). Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients. Neuropsychopharmacology, 36(6), 1219–1226. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.6
Bambico, F. R., Katz, N., Debonnel, G., & Gobbi, G. (2007). Cannabinoids Elicit Antidepressant-Like Behavior and Activate Serotonergic Neurons through the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 27(43), 11700–11711. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1636-07.2007
Russo, E., Guy, G., & Robson, P. (2007). Cannabis, Pain, and Sleep: Lessons from Therapeutic Clinical Trials ofSativex®, a Cannabis-Based Medicine. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 4(8), 1729–1743. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200790150
Fraser, G. A. (2009). The Use of a Synthetic Cannabinoid in the Management of Treatment-Resistant Nightmares in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 15(1), 84–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00071.x
Reiman, A. Cannabis as a substitute for alcohol and other drugs. Harm Reduct J 6, 35 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-6-35
Leweke, F. M., Piomelli, D., Pahlisch, F., Muhl, D., Gerth, C. W., Hoyer, C., . . . Koethe, D. (2012). Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. Translational Psychiatry, 2(3), e94. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2012.15
Eubanks, L. M., Rogers, C. J., Beuscher, Koob, G. F., Olson, A. J., Dickerson, T. J., & Janda, K. D. (2006). A Molecular Link between the Active Component of Marijuana and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 3(6), 773–777. https://doi.org/10.1021/mp060066m
Dvorak, M., Watkinson, A., McGlone, F., & Rukwied, R. (2003). Histamine induced responses are attenuated by a cannabinoid receptor agonist in human skin. Inflammation Research, 52(6), 238–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-003-1162-z
Wong, B. S., Camilleri, M., Busciglio, I., Carlson, P., Szarka, L. A., Burton, D., & Zinsmeister, A. R. (2011). Pharmacogenetic Trial of a Cannabinoid Agonist Shows Reduced Fasting Colonic Motility in Patients With Nonconstipated Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology, 141(5), 1638–1647.e7. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.036
Naftali, T., Lev, L. B., Yablecovitch, D., Half, E., & Konikoff, F. M. (2011). Treatment of Crohn's disease with cannabis: an observational study. The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ, 13(8), 455–458. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21910367/
Lim, M. P., Devi, L. A., & Rozenfeld, R. (2011). Cannabidiol causes activated hepatic stellate cell death through a mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Cell Death & Disease, 2(6), e170. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2011.52
Levendal, R. A., Schumann, D., Donath, M., & Frost, C. (2012). Cannabis exposure associated with weight reduction and β-cell protection in an obese rat model. Phytomedicine, 19(7), 575–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.02.001
Rajavashisth, T. B., Shaheen, M., Norris, K. C., Pan, D., Sinha, S. K., Ortega, J., & Friedman, T. C. (2012). Decreased prevalence of diabetes in marijuana users: cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. BMJ Open, 2(1), e000494. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000494
Scott, K. A., Dalgleish, A. G., & Liu, W. M. (2014). The Combination of Cannabidiol and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Radiation in an Orthotopic Murine Glioma Model. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 13(12), 2955–2967. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0402
Elbaz, M., Nasser, M. W., Ravi, J., Wani, N. A., Ahirwar, D. K., Zhao, H., Oghumu, S., Satoskar, A. R., Shilo, K., Carson, W. E., 3rd, & Ganju, R. K. (2015). Modulation of the tumor microenvironment and inhibition of EGF/EGFR pathway: novel anti-tumor mechanisms of Cannabidiol in breast cancer. Molecular oncology, 9(4), 906–919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molonc.2014.12.010
Adinolfi, B., Romanini, A., Vanni, A., Martinotti, E., Chicca, A., Fogli, S., & Nieri, P. (2013). Anticancer activity of anandamide in human cutaneous melanoma cells. European Journal of Pharmacology, 718(1–3), 154–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.08.039
Thomas, A. A., Wallner, L. P., Quinn, V. P., Slezak, J., van den Eeden, S. K., Chien, G. W., & Jacobsen, S. J. (2015). Association Between Cannabis Use and the Risk of Bladder Cancer: Results From the California Men’s Health Study. Urology, 85(2), 388–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2014.08.060
Scott, K. A., Shah, S., Dalgleish, A. G., & Liu, W. M. (2013). Enhancing the activity of cannabidiol and other cannabinoids in vitro through modifications to drug combinations and treatment schedules. Anticancer research, 33(10), 4373–4380. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24123005/
Haustein, M., Ramer, R., Linnebacher, M., Manda, K., & Hinz, B. (2014). Cannabinoids increase lung cancer cell lysis by lymphokine-activated killer cells via upregulation of ICAM-1. Biochemical Pharmacology, 92(2), 312–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.014
Carracedo, A., Gironella, M., Lorente, M., Garcia, S., Guzmán, M., Velasco, G., & Iovanna, J. L. (2006). Cannabinoids Induce Apoptosis of Pancreatic Tumor Cells via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress–Related Genes. Cancer Research, 66(13), 6748–6755. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0169
Aviello, G., Romano, B., Borrelli, F., Capasso, R., Gallo, L., Piscitelli, F., . . . Izzo, A. A. (2012). Chemopreventive effect of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol on experimental colon cancer. Journal of Molecular Medicine, 90(8), 925–934. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-011-0856-x
Olea-Herrero, N., Vara, D., Malagarie-Cazenave, S., & Díaz-Laviada, I. (2009). Inhibition of human tumour prostate PC-3 cell growth by cannabinoids R(+)-Methanandamide and JWH-015: Involvement of CB2. British Journal of Cancer, 101(6), 940–950. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605248
Deiana, S., Watanabe, A., Yamasaki, Y., Amada, N., Arthur, M., Fleming, S., . . . Riedel, G. (2011). Plasma and brain pharmacokinetic profile of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarine (CBDV), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and cannabigerol (CBG) in rats and mice following oral and intraperitoneal administration and CBD action on obsessive–compulsive behaviour. Psychopharmacology, 219(3), 859–873. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2415-0
Steffens, S., Veillard, N. R., Arnaud, C., Pelli, G., Burger, F., Staub, C., Karsak, M., Zimmer, A., Frossard, J. L., & Mach, F. (2005). Low dose oral cannabinoid therapy reduces progression of atherosclerosis in mice. Nature, 434(7034), 782–786. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03389
Campos, A. C., Ortega, Z., Palazuelos, J., Fogaça, M. V., Aguiar, D. C., Díaz-Alonso, J., . . . Guimarães, F. S. (2013). The anxiolytic effect of cannabidiol on chronically stressed mice depends on hippocampal neurogenesis: involvement of the endocannabinoid system. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 16(6), 1407–1419. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1461145712001502
Nguyen, B. M., Kim, D., Bricker, S., Bongard, F., Neville, A., Putnam, B., . . . Plurad, D. (2014). Effect of Marijuana Use on Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury. The American Surgeon, 80(10), 979–983. https://doi.org/10.1177/000313481408001015
Milz E, Grotenhermen F. Successful Therapy of Treatment Resistant Adult ADHD with Cannabis: Experience from a Medical Practice with 30 Patients. Abstract Book of the International Cannabinoid in Medicine & Research Conference 2015 in Sestri Levante (GE); Italy. 2015; p. 85. Google Scholar
Abush, H., & Akirav, I. (2013). Cannabinoids Ameliorate Impairments Induced by Chronic Stress to Synaptic Plasticity and Short-Term Memory. Neuropsychopharmacology, 38(8), 1521–1534. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2013.51
Liao, Y., Bin, J., Luo, T., Zhao, H., Ledent, C., Asakura, M., . . . Kitakaze, M. (2013). CB1 cannabinoid receptor deficiency promotes cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload in mice. International Journal of Cardiology, 167(5), 1936–1944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.05.033
Campos, A., Brant, F., Miranda, A., Machado, F., & Teixeira, A. (2015). Cannabidiol increases survival and promotes rescue of cognitive function in a murine model of cerebral malaria. Neuroscience, 289, 166–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.051
Chowdhury A. R. (1987). Effect of pharmacological agents on male reproduction. Advances in contraceptive delivery systems : CDS, 3(4), 347–352. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12341906/
Lynn, B. K., López, J. D., Miller, C., Thompson, J., & Campian, E. C. (2019). The Relationship between Marijuana Use Prior to Sex and Sexual Function in Women. Sexual medicine, 7(2), 192–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2019.01.003
Lancz, G., Specter, S., & Brown, H. K. (1991). Suppressive Effect of -9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Herpes Simplex Virus Infectivity In Vitro. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 196(4), 401–404. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-196-43206
Green, B., Kavanagh, D., & Young, R. (2003). Being stoned: a review of self-reported cannabis effects. Drug and alcohol review, 22(4), 453–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230310001613976
Mark Anderson, D., Hansen, B., & Rees, D. I. (2013). Medical Marijuana Laws, Traffic Fatalities, and Alcohol Consumption. The Journal of Law and Economics, 56(2), 333–369. https://doi.org/10.1086/668812
Morris, R. G., TenEyck, M., Barnes, J. C., & Kovandzic, T. V. (2014). The Effect of Medical Marijuana Laws on Crime: Evidence from State Panel Data, 1990–2006. PLoS ONE, 9(3), e92816. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092816
Jones, K. A., Blagrove, M., & Parrott, A. C. (2009). Cannabis and Ecstasy/MDMA: Empirical Measures of Creativity in Recreational Users. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 41(4), 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2009.10399769
Lachenmeier, D. W., & Rehm, J. (2015). Comparative risk assessment of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other illicit drugs using the margin of exposure approach. Scientific Reports, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08126
Morgan, C. J., Das, R. K., Joye, A., Curran, H. V., & Kamboj, S. K. (2013). Cannabidiol reduces cigarette consumption in tobacco smokers: Preliminary findings. Addictive Behaviors, 38(9), 2433–2436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.03.011
Colorado Center On Law & Policy, & Stiffler, C. (2012). Amendment 64 would produce $60 million in new revenue and savings for Colorado. Colorado Center On Law & Policy. Retrieved from https://cclponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/amendment_64_analysis_final.pdf
Moran, Thomas. (2011). Just a Little Bit of History Repeating: The California Model of Marijuana Legalization and How it Might Affect Racial and Ethnic Minorities. https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/crsj/vol17/iss2/8/