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Winston Peki

How to Use CBD Oil for Anxiety: What Science Can Tell us About Effects and Dosages

Today, you’re going to learn everything about using CBD oil for anxiety. We reviewed over 50 scientific articles that looked at: The potential benefits and effects of CBD, including for anxiety; The mechanisms of action that give CBD its anti-anxiety properties, and; What doses of CBD ... Continue Reading

Where is Marijuana Legal? Map of Marijuana Laws by Country in Europe

Think Amsterdam still is the 'marijuana-capitol' in the world? Think again. In the past years, certain states in the US made such fast advancements in terms of their stance on: Marijuana use; Marijuana cultivation, and; Marijuana trade/commerce. That they surpassed the ... Continue Reading

The 8 Best Online Vape Stores for Amazing Deals & a Risk-Free Shopping Experience

When buying anything online… The first thing that comes to mind is: How reliable and trustworthy is this online store? Because when spending your hard-earned money, you want to be 100% sure that: In any case of issues: you can send your purchase back for an exchange or refund, ... Continue Reading

The Best CBD Oils in 2023 (Reviewed and Compared)

The Best CBD Oils in 2023 (Reviewed and Compared)

Today you’re getting a list of the best CBD oils that you can currently buy. We reviewed over 50 samples by rating them on metrics like: Potency. Measured by our subjective tests. Plus, measured objectively by auditing the cannabinoid- and terpene-profiles as found in the third-party ... Continue Reading

The 7 Best Electronic Cigarettes in 2019

MiPod

Today you're getting a list of the 7 best electronic cigarettes that you can currently get. We reviewed over 40 cig-a-like and pod-based electronic cigarettes for you and tested how well they re-create the smoking experience... AND how well they score on metrics like: Battery life; ... Continue Reading

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© Copyright www.herbonaut.com · All Rights Reserved. The content on this website is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Medical advice should always be obtained from a qualified medical professional for any health conditions or symptoms associated with them. Every possible effort has been made in preparing and researching this material. We make no warranties with respect to the accuracy, applicability of its contents or any omissions.

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When we recommend products we link out to them. Most of the time this will be through an affiliate link. If you decide to buy a product through our affiliate links, we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. By using these links, we can continue to grow this website by testing new products and writing new articles/reviews, and keep the website ad-free.

In no way do these affiliate links influence the products that we recommend. This website is first and foremost built on trust and honesty. We are 100% convinced that you’ll come to the same conclusion by following up on our advice. In case you feel our advice was not what you expected, please do contact us, as we would love to hear from you and have a friendly discussion with you about your experiences and findings!

Scientific References

Linge, R., Jiménez-Sánchez, L., Campa, L., Pilar-Cuéllar, F., Vidal, R., Pazos, A., . . . Díaz, L. (2016). Cannabidiol induces rapid-acting antidepressant-like effects and enhances cortical 5-HT/glutamate neurotransmission: role of 5-HT1A receptors. Neuropharmacology, 103, 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.017

Dunn, R. W., Corbett, R., & Fielding, S. (1989). Effects of 5-HT1A receptor agonists and NMDA receptor antagonists in the social interaction test and the elevated plus maze. European Journal of Pharmacology, 169(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(89)90811-x

Thompson, M., Callaghan, P., Hunt, G., Cornish, J., & McGregor, I. (2007). A role for oxytocin and 5-HT1A receptors in the prosocial effects of 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“ecstasy”). Neuroscience, 146(2), 509–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.02.032

de Boer, S. F., & Koolhaas, J. M. (2005). 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor agonists and aggression: A pharmacological challenge of the serotonin deficiency hypothesis. European Journal of Pharmacology, 526(1–3), 125–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.09.065

Winstanley, C. A., Theobald, D. E. H., Dalley, J. W., & Robbins, T. W. (2005). Interactions between Serotonin and Dopamine in the Control of Impulsive Choice in Rats: Therapeutic Implications for Impulse Control Disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30(4), 669–682. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300610

Bardin, L., Tarayre, J., Malfetes, N., Koek, W., & Colpaert, F. (2003). Profound, Non-Opioid Analgesia Produced by the High-Efficacy 5-HT1A Agonist F 13640 in the Formalin Model of Tonic Nociceptive Pain. Pharmacology, 67(4), 182–194. https://doi.org/10.1159/000068404

Celada, P., Puig, M., Amargós-Bosch, M., Adell, A., & Artigas, F. (2004). The therapeutic role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in depression. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN, 29(4), 252–265. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC446220/

InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Depression: How effective are antidepressants? [Updated 2020 Jun 18]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361016/

Dubovicky, M., Belovicova, K., Csatlosova, K., & Bogi, E. (2017). Risks of using SSRI / SNRI antidepressants during pregnancy and lactation. Interdisciplinary toxicology, 10(1), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1515/intox-2017-0004

Smoller, J. W. (2009). Antidepressant Use and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Among Postmenopausal Women in the Women’s Health Initiative Study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 169(22), 2128. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.436

Gibbons, R. D., Brown, C. H., Hur, K., Marcus, S. M., Bhaumik, D. K., & Mann, J. J. (2007). Relationship Between Antidepressants and Suicide Attempts: An Analysis of the Veterans Health Administration Data Sets. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(7), 1044–1049. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2007.164.7.1044

Iffland, K., & Grotenhermen, F. (2017). An Update on Safety and Side Effects of Cannabidiol: A Review of Clinical Data and Relevant Animal Studies. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2(1), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2016.0034

Greer, G. R., Grob, C. S., & Halberstadt, A. L. (2014). PTSD Symptom Reports of Patients Evaluated for the New Mexico Medical Cannabis Program. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 46(1), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.873843

Neumeister, A. (2012). THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM PROVIDES AN AVENUE FOR EVIDENCE-BASED TREATMENT DEVELOPMENT FOR PTSD. Depression and Anxiety, 30(2), 93–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22031

Campos, A. C., Ortega, Z., Palazuelos, J., Fogaça, M. V., Aguiar, D. C., Díaz-Alonso, J., . . . Guimarães, F. S. (2013). The anxiolytic effect of cannabidiol on chronically stressed mice depends on hippocampal neurogenesis: involvement of the endocannabinoid system. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 16(6), 1407–1419. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1461145712001502

Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care. (2016, January 21). Chronic stress, anxiety can damage the brain, increase risk of major psychiatric disorders. ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 31, 2021 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/01/160121121818.htm

Bergamaschi, M. M., Queiroz, R. H. C., Chagas, M. H. N., de Oliveira, D. C. G., de Martinis, B. S., Kapczinski, F., . . . Crippa, J. A. S. (2011). Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients. Neuropsychopharmacology, 36(6), 1219–1226. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.6

Crippa, J. A. S., Derenusson, G. N., Ferrari, T. B., Wichert-Ana, L., Duran, F. L., Martin-Santos, R., . . . Hallak, J. E. C. (2010). Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 25(1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110379283

McPartland, J. M., & Russo, E. B. (2001). Cannabis and Cannabis Extracts. Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, 1(3–4), 103–132. https://doi.org/10.1300/j175v01n03_08

Russo, E., & Guy, G. W. (2006). A tale of two cannabinoids: The therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Medical Hypotheses, 66(2), 234–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2005.08.026

Wilkinson, J. D., Whalley, B. J., Baker, D., Pryce, G., Constanti, A., Gibbons, S., & Williamson, E. M. (2003). Medicinal cannabis: is Δ9–tetrahydrocannabinol necessary for all its effects? Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 55(12), 1687–1694. https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357022304

Zgair, A., Wong, J. C., Lee, J. B., Mistry, J., Sivak, O., Wasan, K. M., Hennig, I. M., Barrett, D. A., Constantinescu, C. S., Fischer, P. M., & Gershkovich, P. (2016). Dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines. American journal of translational research, 8(8), 3448–3459.

Stott, C. G., White, L., Wright, S., Wilbraham, D., & Guy, G. W. (2012). A phase I study to assess the effect of food on the single dose bioavailability of the THC/CBD oromucosal spray. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 69(4), 825–834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-012-1393-4

Marchiori, E., Zanetti, G., Mano, C. M., & Hochhegger, B. (2011). Exogenous lipoid pneumonia. Clinical and radiological manifestations. Respiratory Medicine, 105(5), 659–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2010.12.001

Shannon, S. (2016). Effectiveness of Cannabidiol Oil for Pediatric Anxiety and Insomnia as Part of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Report. The Permanente Journal, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.7812/tpp/16-005

Linares, I. M., Zuardi, A. W., Pereira, L. C., Queiroz, R. H., Mechoulam, R., Guimarães, F. S., & Crippa, J. A. (2019). Cannabidiol presents an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve in a simulated public speaking test. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 41(1), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2017-0015

Science Based

This article is based on scientific studies, written by Winston Peki and fact-checked by experts.

Inside this article, you can find references to peer-reviewed scientific studies. The numbers in the parentheses (1, 2, …) are clickable links to these peer-reviewed scientific studies. In some cases, the link will give you direct access to the study, while in other cases if you want to read the full study, you either have to pay the publisher a fee or find a free version of the study elsewhere.

Herbonaut is a review and discussion platform that highly values honesty, integrity, and objectivity. We always strive to highlight the benefits, as well as the risks of a specific product or service.

Any topic can be approached from various angles, at Herbonaut we strive to highlight all these angles and will often examine and compare research with contradicting results.